exposed to us as possible, while the figures Indeed, we have evidence of the process and its result in Composition VIII (The Cow), a fully developed instruction that provides us with great insight into Van Doesburgs train of thought and work, as well as his process of abstraction. Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.) And there, you see not Ancient Desert Mystery Did Thousands Vanish Without A Trace Because Of An Ominous Prophecy And Revenge? Fragment of a sphinx of King Menkaure (Mycerinus) was unearthed in Late Bronze Age Hazor in a context postdating Menkaure's reign by more than a thousand years. 4.3: TYPES OF ART - Humanities LibreTexts Direct link to Yves's post The priests weren't real , Posted 10 years ago. The Yellow Cow by Franz Marc (1880-1916, Germany) clearly does not slavishly reproduce natural appearances but instead seeks to convey through abstraction a sense of light-hearted lyrical expression for the animal. And from that sun-- which her importance and the fact that they would Why should a pious and kind Pharaoh die in six years? So, again, true naturalism gave way to a notion of the perfect or idealized form. Miriam Baby Teaching Resources | TPT He did not do what he had to do: Egypt was destined to endure calamities for 150 years. The majority were found in various stages of completion. Menkaure, also spelled Menkure, Greek Mykerinos, (flourished 26th century), fifth (according to some traditions, sixth) king of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575-c. 2465 bce) of Egypt; he built the third and smallest of the three Pyramids of Giza. Direct link to Qrious's post What is the significance , Posted 9 years ago. According to the historian Manetho, Menkaure succeeded a king called Bikheris. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The statue seems to be in the same condition as when first created (although a little wear down but not notable pieces missing)., The technique the artist used to construct and design the item relied heavily on symmetry. Menkaure was the son of Khafre (Chephren, Khefren) and his queen Khamernebi I. On the right side of the, Queen Hatshepsut was the first female pharaoh who ruled Egypt. notably in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, although many are unprovenanced. In the pyramid, there is one more, apparently false burial chamber. The Great Pyramid site of Giza ended up with three pyramids. Photo: Dr. Amy Calvert, CC BY-NC. It is about 4 and a half feet tall. One further note is needed in consideration of the relationship of type to response to the phenomenal world. They presented the forms in the nude (only sculptures of males were nude at first, female sculpture remained clothed until the fourth century BCE) and, over time, they increasingly sought to capture more accurate physical details and the principles of movement in the body, rather than the static sense of permanence the Egyptians had favored. Image credit: Israel Antiquities Authority. The statue of the Pharaoh Menkaure (Mycerinus) and his Queen in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, carved out of slate and dating to 2548-2530 BCE, is an example of Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty royal sculpture.slate and dating to 2548-2530 BCE, is an example of Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty royal sculpture. Egyptian art had been dominated by rectilinear forms. Egyptian sculpture. Akhenaten liked Nefertiti a lot, so she's almost as big. supreme deity, the only deity. Only the name of one of his queens is known, Khamerernebty II, Menkaure's full sister and daughter of Khamerernebty I. King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and queen Egyptian Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, reign of Menkaura 2490-2472 B.C. In 1908, George Reisner found eight triads representing Pharaoh Menkaure, the goddess Hathor, and various provinces of Egypt. It's one of many theories. The ethereal beauty of the Egyptian statue "King Menkaure and queen" Exploring Art with Alessandro 1.71K subscribers Subscribe 64 Share 4.2K views 2 years ago Hi! The priests weren't real big on having their power taken away, so once Tutankhamun became pharaoh the priests did what they could to get their power back. These bones were later dated from the early Christian era and had no connection to Pharaonic times. are holding those ankhs right at the noses, the breath of life The coating stones are smooth to a certain extent, and then, they are curved. What period of art they depict the pharaoh menkaure and his queen It is made of granite and is a statue of Queen Hatshepsut, the wife of Tutmose III, one of the most dynamic egyptian kings of the eighteenth dynasty. of my favorite sculptures. Direct link to Greg Boyle dG dB's post No one is really sure. Their function is uncertain, although they possibly had both a cult and a political component; a way of indicating that Menkaure was the lord of the whole country. There were numerous native stones used for statuary, including the ubiquitous soft limestone of the desert cliffs that line most of the Nile valley, as well as sandstone, calcite, and schist. He also discovered the funerary chapels of the three satellite pyramids belonging to the wives of Menkaure and some tombs of funerary priests in charge of the royal cult. Block (Wooden skirts and two top): 53.3 x 180 x 179.7 cm (21 x 70 7/8 x 70 3/4 in.) Scene elements were drafted out using red paint, corrections noted in black paint, and then the painting was executed one color at a time. From the start of the back of the neck down to the start of the tail, a long undecorated line interrupted by a horizontal band of inscriptions around the neck appears to divide the sculpture medially. The ethereal beauty of the Egyptian statue "King Menkaure and queen Nefertiti symbols of both Upper and Lower Egypt, indicating In the Egyptian language, the Pyramid of Menkaure was known as Netjer-er-Menkaure, or Menkaure is divine. throughout that is an absolute contrast to the The statue is made of granite and is currently housed at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. 2465 bce) of Egypt; he built the third and smallest of the three Pyramids of Giza. H, Posted 10 years ago. The name of Menkaure was found written on scarabs dated to the 26th Dynasty, which may imply that he was worshiped in this period. And if you look closely, Sepulchral Chamber of Men-ka-ra. Menkaure and His Queen shows the two-people standing side by side and the queen has an arm wrapped around the pharaoh. Menkaure's queen was a woman named Khamerernebty II. Wonderfully sensitive statues of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III confirm the return of conditions in which great work could be achieved. children, or we look at Nefertiti He was the son of Pharaoh Khafre and the grandson of Pharaoh Khufu, both of whom are famous for their massive pyramid tombs in Giza. Direct link to Vanna's post Why are the daughters dep, Posted 9 years ago. Menkaure And His Queen Analysis - 777 Words | Studymode When you go down to the detail level, especially the face and hands are prominent. DISCOVERY The statue of the Pharaoh Menkaure (Mycerinus) and his Queen in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, carved out of slate and dating to 2548-2530 BCE, is an example of Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty royal sculpture. (Figure 4.9c) At that point, the beginning of the Classical period in Greece, sculptors captured the potential for naturalistic movement and the contrapposto or weight shift of the knees and hips that occurs when standing with one leg at ease or walking. . No one is really sure. BETH HARRIS: He changes it from Harder stones include quartzite, diorite, granite, and basalt. Pharaoh menkaure. Biographie of pharaoh Menkaure. 2022-11-20 Figure 6. Circumstances would suggest that she was only a consort-queen, and not the queen of the female line. His wife, Queen Khamerernebty II was also probably buried in any of these three pyramids. Menkaure was the fifth king in the line of the Fourth Dynasty, in the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt. Egypt, the supreme ruler. A profile view of the face, Another artist bearing investigation in this regard is Theo van Doesburg (1883- 1931, Netherlands), who used his own philosophical probing to frame a systematic path from naturalism in his renditions of the cow to an abstraction that is visually quite far removed from what most of us see in the phenomenal world. The rest of the triads that were complete stayed in Egypt. When Reisner believed that the temple in the valley of Menkaure had already revealed all its secrets, on January 8, 1910 another complete sculptural group came to light: A representation of the pharaoh, wearing a nemes or royal handkerchief, accompanied by a woman who hugs him, possibly his wife, Queen Khamerernebty. It would have been an Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Menkaure And His Queen Analysis. Representation, then, shows us some broad vision of what we see in the original, be it a person, landscape, interior, event, or such, with some level of detail. The Giza site would include a second pyramid built around 2530 BCE by Pharaoh Khafre, Khufu's son. The entrance here begins about four meters above the ground, from where, however, the corridor descends to the base's level. Perhaps, Menkaure did not have enough time to supervise construction works. Comparison between the Egyptian Sculpture of Menkaure and the Greek This is a collection of images based on the bible story of The Birth of Moses.The images in this set are:Pharaoh, baby Moses in basket, baby Moses, Miriam by the water, Moses's mother sad, mother holding Moses, word art, Pharaoh angry, princess finding Moses in the water, princess, pyramid, soldier, soldier reading proclamation26 images (13 in . Sensuously modeled with a beautifully proportioned body emphasized by a clinging garment, she articulates ideal mature feminine beauty. And then we can see rays And so it's as if Aten is The story preserved in the legends says that he met his death suddenly. Menkaure's queen provides the perfect female counterpart to his youthful masculine virility. And it's because the ruler, The inscriptions on the wooden coffin name the owner "Osiris Menkaure, to whom eternal life was given, born from heaven, from the sky goddess Nut over you" The coffin and skeletal remains are now in the British Museum. The knees are prominent an easily noticeable through the clothes. The canon was remarkably conservative and unchanging, altering very little over the many centuries that ancient Egypt existed. Source: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Where the ideas and concepts of both sculptures are essentially the same, their vastly different styles are evident of the time periods in which they were made., Ancient Egyptian and Greek statues have many similarities. STEVEN ZUCKER: Akhenaten himself What Does The Brain Of The Homo Erectus Fossil With The Lowest Cranial Capacity Tell About Evolution? https://web.archive.org/web/20140215025647/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/materials-and-techniques-of-the-ancient-egyptian-artist.html, CC BY-NC-SA: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Was that right? Khufu and Khafra understood this, but Menkaure did not understand. for Akhenaten and Nefertiti. This (apparently) "boring". Strange Tale Of Mysterious Thousand-Year-Old Underground Network Of Caves And Encounters With Subterranean Dwellers, Unexplained Mystery Of The Glowing Woman Who Baffled Scientists, Most Detailed Geological Model Reveals Earths Past 100 Million Years, Ecological Improvement Of Freshwater Ecosystems Benefits Fish And People, Shiitake Mushrooms And Its Evolution A New Study, Scientists Use Satellites To Track Earth Greening Amid Climate Change, Augmented Reality Headset Enables Users To See Hidden Objects. The Art of Ancient Egypt. Standing Sculpture: King Menkaure and Queen Kha-Merer-Nebu II The subjects featured in the artwork are Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty. and shows Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and three of their daughters (the New Kingdom). this new age, this new religion, from Egypt's past. It is almost 8 feet tall and almost 2.5 feet wide. I think you are confusing it with "Amenhotep" = "Amen is happy/content". Carving on softer stones was done using copper chisels and stone tools; hard stone required tools of yet harder stone, copper alloys, and the use of abrasive sand to shape them. Many objects, especially small amulets and inlays, were made from a manufactured material known as Egyptian faience. Thank you. Iron oxide nodules, source of a range of red pigments, Thebes. She is renowned for being strong and assertive, whilst also fair and just. are still in profile. ), { "4.01:_INTRODUCTION" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.02:_FORMAL_OR_CRITICAL_ANALYSIS" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.03:_TYPES_OF_ART" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.04:_STYLES_OF_ART" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4.05:_BEFORE_YOU_MOVE_ON" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_What_is_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Structure_of_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Significance_of_Materials_Used_in_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Describing_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Meaning_in_Art" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Connecting_Art_to_Our_Lives" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_Form_in_Architecture" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Art_and_Identity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Art_and_Power" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Art_and_Ritual_Life" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Art_and_Ethics" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:psachantetal", "program:galileo" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FArt%2FBook%253A_Introduction_to_Art_-_Design_Context_and_Meaning_(Sachant_et_al. There was also a cedar coffin. The figures depicted in the sculpture are Pharaoh Menkaure and, who is thought to be Queen Khamerernebty II. around 1350 BC, everything changed To study idealization further, we will explore the evolution of nude male sculptural forms in ancient Greece. This close physical association (along with other evidence) indicates that this massive depiction of a recumbent lion with the head of a king was carved for Khafre. Image source. )%2F04%253A_Describing_Art%2F4.03%253A_TYPES_OF_ART, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Pamela Sachant, Peggy Blood, Jeffery LeMieux, & Rita Tekippe, 4.3.3 Non-Representational or Non-Objective, http://www.museumsyndicate.com/item.php?item=27334, http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhtruct_jpg.html, https://www.moma.org/collection/works/45090?locale=en, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The extended line doesn't seem to have any significance of it's own. But in some ways, Its great size is something truly remarkable, considering it was built in the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. They do look more like leaves but we can see that they are holding the Ankhs. Ancient Egyptian Art: King Menkaure and queen traditions of Egyptian art. The drawing surface would be delineated using gridded guidelines, snapped onto the wall using string coated in red pigment dust (very much like chalk lines used by modern carpenters). There is a sense of the individual in both faces. traditional religion. Another younger brother, Sekhemkare, joined the royal court, after the death of Menkaure, probably due to his minor age during the reign of his elder brother. One bore his successor, Shepseskaf, and the other bore him a daughter, Khentkawes, who would later mater . What is the significance of the single ray without an ankh hitting Nefertiti's forehead? Akhenaten was a monotheist. That definition suffers from over generality, though, since any physical or visual expression that has some reference to the physical world includes some aspect that we see as reflecting the physical world. The wooden mummy-shaped coffin reached the British Museum, but all efforts to locate the shipwreck and the lost basalt sarcophagus of Menkaure failed. King Menkaure was the fifth king who ruled through the 4th dynasty of the old kingdom in ancient Egypt. with one another and their relationship Her hand also looks lifelike, together with her feet. Pyramid of Khafre and the Great Sphinx - Khan Academy There is a softness to the pantheon of gods that traditional Egyptian The statue of Khafre and Akhenaton reflects the political and religious climates of their time through the use of medium which symbolized the pharaohs eternal life and timelessness, and through formal qualities which symbolized the hidden religious meanings inside the sculpture., This is a statue of Menkaure and one of his wives. Direct link to Polythene Pam's post Did his children try to c, Posted 10 years ago. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The glaze coating could be almost any color, depending on the minerals used in the composition, although turquoise blue is the most common. The sculpture is just under life-size, 54 inches tall. changes his own name to Akhenaten, which The king's name was found engraved between the legs of the sphinx discovered in Tel Hatzor (Canaan), Israel, in 2013. really tells us a lot. During this time period, sculptures of kings depicted a more real look. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This grid helped the artists properly proportion the figures and lay out the scenes. It is a little over 6 feet tall and about 20 inches at its widest. We can see in the throne of 1 Mikyla Avila Art History February 27, 2023 Comparison Essay: This essay will compare and contrast two works of art from the Egyptian Period in art history: the King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and queen, which was produced between 2490 and 2472 B.C.E. Unlike his grandfather, Khufu, Menkaure had many statues and high reliefs that allowed us to see him. The faces of the figures and most of Menkaure is polished, but it appears that not all of the queens body has been polished indicating that this work may not have been. Not only is it a truly unique piece of work, but also it is a piece that is revolutionary for its time. Here Akhenaten says, no, His inquiries soon bore fruit. giving life to these two people, and these two people alone. She first served as co-ruler with her stepson Tuthmosis III, but later took power as a pharaoh herself. She reigned during 1473 1458 B.C.E. This article was most recently revised and updated by. arms, and elongated skulls, forms that have made If we look at the To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Pharaoh Menkaure - Egyptian Ruler Who Tried To Outsmart Fate This piece gives a look at Egyptian culture during this time and preserves the image of Pharaoh Menkaure and Queen Khamerernebty. And I think it's Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti and their Figure 3. Out of all the statues of Hatshepsut, the Large Kneeling Statue of Hatshepsut was kept in the best shape and caught a lot of attention from the people in the room. Here are all information to know about King Menkaure: 1. (Figure 4.4) A Quaker minister, Hicks treated his painting at first as a supplemental avocation, then as his primary means of supporting his family. After its discovery, it was loaded onto the ship Beatrice and sent to the British Museum in London for display. Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\): Heads (detail), King Menkaure (Mycerinus) and queen, 2490-2472 B.C.E., greywacke, 142.2 x 57.1 x 55.2 cm (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), photo: 1910 (The Giza Archives . BETH HARRIS: We see Nefertiti During the reign of the Fourth Dynasty Pharaoh Sneferu forty great ships sailed to the Syrian coast, where Egyptians felled trees and towed the logs back to Egypt. He was the son of Pharaoh Khafre and ruled during the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. This smooth black stone is connected with Osiris, resurrected god of the dead who was often shown with black or green skin referring to the fertile silt and lush vegetation of the Nile valley. He was the son and probably the successor of Khafre and, according to the Turin papyrus, reigned for 18 (or 28) years. The Pharaoh died before his pyramid was finished. The pyramid of Menkaure had already been explored in 1834 by the British Richard Vyse, so Reisner focused on investigating other elements of the complex. If so, why did it fail? Ceremonial gilded wooden shield from the tomb of Tutakhamun. Stories abound about the era in art and the push from abstraction to non-representation, with several artists claiming to have led the breakthrough. It is not known for sure, but this artwork is believed to be from Hierakonpolis, Egypt. Whereas her hips are wider than they would have been on a man. When you the face on profile you can see that it looks very lifelike. It might have served as an offering at the grave to preserve their representations in the afterlife. You can see all the shapes, from the ears to the mouth. I think I watched a documentary once where they said Nefertiti herself reinstituted polytheism after her husband's death to basically make nice with the priests. Khentkaus I, the Queen of the next Pharaoh Shepseskaf, was a daughter of Menkaure; while his second daughter died at an immature age, during the lifetime of her father, as per the record of the Greek historian Herodotus. The pharaoh is always big. Unfortunately, it never arrived there. He had several brothers and some of them served as viziers in the royal court of Menkaure; as per the evidence, their names were Nebemakhet, Nikaure, Iunmin, and Nikaure. Egyptian artists used a wide array of materials, both local and imported, from very early in their history. If the surface was not carved before painting, several layers of mud plaster would be applied to create a flat plane. Artisans excelled at puzzling together small, irregular pieces of wood and pegged them into place to create statuary, coffins, boxes, and furniture. You can see that he's But there is this radical is sitting on a simpler throne. This was the norm, for example, in depictions of royal figures in ancient Egypt. This is What Life Was Like for an Egyptian Worker Building the Pyramids Direct link to Polina Viti's post After Akhenaten's death (, Posted 3 years ago. Beth Harris "Do you realise that "Akhenaten" does not mean "The Aten is Happy" ? The detail level is high, which makes the sculpture appear more realistic. Direct link to WallAvi's post Possible answers to your , Posted 10 years ago. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. BETH HARRIS: Those rays of light According to tradition, Menkaure was . King Menkaura (Mycerinus) and queen - Museum of Fine Arts, BostonComparison Essay.pdf - 1 Mikyla Avila Art History February In ancient Egypt, hierarchy was glorified to signify the contribution and power they had. except for the rays that terminate right at the If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Direct link to Lena Lindstrom's post 4:06 "you can see hand, Posted 10 years ago. tenderly, supporting her head, holding her under the thighs. the careful attention to the drapery. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The turning point in this evolutionthe moment when the achievement of naturalism was pronouncedwas with the creation of the Kritios Boy, c. 480 BCE. After Akhenaten's death (when religion went back to the way it had been before), did art revert back to the traditional styles too? In the twentieth century, though, this approach took on different character in some instances, with a stated rejection of the art as related to the natural world and concerned instead with the art itself, to the processes by which it was made, and with the product as referring to these processes and artistic qualities rather than to some out- side phenomenon: the observed world. However, she does not wear the royal beard, and the proportions of her body are delicate and feminine., The stylistic conventions that truly characterize the Egyptian artwork of the Old Kingdom history are seen clearly in Mer-ib and his Wife in their Chamber of Sacrifice. of light that pour down. there are elements of traditional
