which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?
A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. a. cognitive-behavioral b. sociocultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 10. All other toys are allowed, including a Bobo doll. b. laissez-faire parenting style. d. modifying the clients negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. 126. Nikolais grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. c. humanistic-existential c. it pays too little attention to the role early life experiences. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: a. id. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. d. Bandura. It is most likely that his psychotherapist is a ____ therapist. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. 104. Though not neurons, glial cells play an important part in helping the nervous system to be the efficient machine that it is. a. behavior-focused a. starting treatment for a diagnosed mental health condition b. passing out educational materials that describe modifiable risk factors for mental illness c. providing routine mental health screenings, followed by immediate intervention as needed d. advocating for federal legislation that protects individuals mental health in the workplace. d. people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. 81. This model has been adopted by psychiatrists rather than psychologists. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). Both groups were frustrated when deprived of the coveted toy. b. working through. This situation places considerable stress on an individual and can lead to higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression. b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. There are also certain types of disorders that are unique to women. 16. 87. First, consider the topic of social cognition or the process of collecting and assessing information about others. 47. This approach to learning was called connectionism. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. This is an example of: Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. Despite Freuds generalization, his theory was based on only a few patients. The nervous system moves quickly with nerve impulses moving in a few hundredths of a second. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. It leads us to adopt our parents values as we come to realize that many of the ids impulses are unacceptable. The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: a. cognitive-behavioral. d. researching the effectiveness of the therapy. WebMD adds, Experts believe many mental illnesses are linked to abnormalities in many genes rather than just one or a few and that how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every person (even identical twins). c. insert RNA into genes. Cognition-focused theorists would say that Johannahs depression results in large part from: 58. b. the role that biology plays in psychological functioning. It is difficult to research this perspective. Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. 2.4: The Sociocultural Model - Social Sci LibreTexts Which type of psychodynamic therapy encourages therapists to disclose things about themselves? This model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. In respondent conditioning, learning happens in three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. 19. Describe the role of bacterial and viral infections in mental illness. Step 6 Please note that this process is cyclical. What about your friend or acquaintance in the back? 164. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. 41. 50. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. This represents the psychodynamic models _____ assumption. b. existential For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. The good thing is that what is learned can be unlearned or relearned through behavior modification, the process of changing behavior. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. c. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. What is the effect of genes, hormones, and viruses on the development of mental disorders? Right before his death, Skinner (1990) reminded psychologists that the only thing we can truly know and study was the observable. a. having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety b. prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine c. teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts d. encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties. This perspective is part of the behavioral humanistic O psychodynamic O d. comitive Which of the following statements regarding the abnormal behavior of faulty perceptions or interpretations of reality is TRUE? We all have two copies of each gene, one inherited from our mother and one from our father. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. psychodynamic d. cognitive. Figure 2.2. Neurotransmitters will only bind to their specific receptor sites, much like a key will only fit into the lock it was designed for. Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role-playing and a here and now orientation, are _____ therapists. As such, he continues to steal her toys. Females are at higher risk for developing an anxiety disorder than men. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? Shonda responds by changing the subject. A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. There are two forms: classical conditioning, or linking together two types of stimuli, and operant conditioning, or linking together a response with its consequence. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. It is difficult to research this perspective. a. quaternary b. secondary c. tertiary d. meta. Individuals who are in a long-term relationship. 118. In a general sense, a model is defined as a representation or imitation of an object (dictionary.com). The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: a. cognition-focused therapists. The ego has a challenging job to fulfill, balancing both the will of the id and the superego, and the overwhelming anxiety and panic this creates. A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? d. latent content. Another example is how a baby will root for a food source if the mothers breast is placed near their mouth. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? Cognitive therapies. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when a person is intensely aroused. The paradigms are sometimes in conflict. The goal is for the client to examine their own feelings and thoughts with openness and acceptance. Figure 2.10. 133. The axon sends signals/information to neighboring neurons while the dendrites, which resemble little trees, receive information from neighboring neurons. a. The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models. c. ego. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. Finally, the individual either imagines (systematic) or experiences in real life (in-vivo) each object or scenario from the hierarchy and uses the relaxation technique while doing so. a. the humanistic-existential model b. the family-social perspective c. the cognitive model d. the psychodynamic model, 11. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. We take the information just detected and use it to assign people to categories, or groups. Humanists and existentialists both agree that: a. psychological dysfunction is caused by self-deception. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Also of importance to the neuron is the myelin sheath or the white, fatty covering which: 1) provides insulation so that signals from adjacent neurons do not affect one another and, 2) increases the speed at which signals are transmitted. The nervous system. The brain. A psychologist believes that all dysfunctional behavior is due to past experiences, and that no symptom or behavior is accidental. Primary refers to reinforcers and punishers that have their effect without having to be learned. d. free association. b. a. focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? a. Evaluate the usefulness of the biological model. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. This is called the. Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. d. This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals. c. existential In the case of depression, low levels of serotonin are responsible, at least partially. Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. Second, observational learning occurs when we learn by observing the world around us. 132. If you believe focusing on a problem generates a solution, then write down each time you ruminate and the result. After you perform poorly on the exam, you blame your professor. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. Postconditioning. b. SAD occurs with greater frequency for those living far north or south from the equator (Melrose, 2015). d. propositions. Transducers or receptor cells in the major organs of our five sensory systems vision (the eyes), hearing (the ears), smell (the nose), touch (the skin), and taste (the tongue) convert the physical energy that they detect or sense and send it to the brain via the neural impulse. Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socioeconomic background. 83. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice and has two main forms associative learning to include classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. a. psychodynamic Men with mental illnesses are also less likely to have received mental health treatment than women in the past year. b. rationalization. Some biological treatments produce significant undesirable effects. 66. b. Rogers. Hormonal imbalances. They are open to experience, live every moment to the fullest, are creative, accepts responsibility for their decisions, do not derive their sense of self from others, strive to maximize their potential, and are self-actualized. d. They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience. Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. Gen psych chapter 13 - Subjecto.com According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: a. modeling. The biggest criticism of these models is that the concepts are abstract and fuzzy and so very difficult to research. a. cognitive-behavioral The humanistic perspective. They were more likely to have suspect genetic variation at the same four chromosomal sites. The patient might change the subject, stop talking, or lose his/her train of thought. For more on these, visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring. Which is an example of latent content? b. self-actualizing. 2.2.1.1. All of the following describe drawbacks of the cognitive-behavioral model EXCEPT: a. it is difficult to test in the laboratory. According to Mental Health America, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure in which a brief application of electric stimulus is used to produce a generalized seizure. Patients are placed on a padded bed and administered a muscle relaxant to avoid injury during the seizures. Asking yourself what if something happens, without being satisfied by any of the answers. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. Depression occurs with greater frequency in women than men. What about other students in the class that you know? A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. Any reference to cognitive processes was dismissed as this was not overt, but covert according to Watson and later Skinner. This is called observational learning and is contrasted with enactive learning, which is learning by doing. However, keep in mind that we do not model everything we see. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: a. id. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. a. 32. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: a. the biological differences between men and women. c. role-playing. They act as a glue and hold the neuron in place. The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. Common antipsychotics include Chlorpromazine, Perphenazine, Quetiapine, and Lurasidone. In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. This represents the individual pairings of a feared object or situation and relaxation. Neural transmission. d. quaternary prevention. With time, Anna O. did recover from her hysteria and went on to become a prominent member of the Jewish Community, involving herself in social work, volunteering at soup kitchens, and becoming House Mother at an orphanage for Jewish girls in 1895. Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. Depersonalization can be defined as a feeling of unreality or detachment from oneself. Least difficult situations are handled first, followed by more difficult situations, all while rehearsing and mastering all the situations present in the hierarchy. Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. These are the same four discussed under respondent conditioning. With this knowledge, a plan is developed and consists of numerous strategies to act on one or all these elements antecedent, behavior, and/or consequence. What is an important characteristic of group therapy? 163. The major multidimensional model that is useful in understanding the causes of mental disorders is usually called the biopsychosocial model (BPS). a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. 12. The disadvantages should outweigh the advantages and help you to end the struggle and accept what is unknown. The somatic nervous system allows for voluntary movement by controlling the skeletal muscles and carries sensory information to the CNS. b. rationalization. The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated. Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. 145. Participants have similar issues. Glial cells are support cells in the nervous system that serve five main functions: Finally, nerves are a group of axons bundled together like wires in an electrical cable. During CBT a therapist will actively work with a person to uncover unhealthy patterns of thought and how they may be causing self-destructive behaviors and beliefs. CBT attempts to identify negative or false beliefs and restructure them. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. c. Sessions are primarily conducted in a virtual environment. The three parts of personality generally work together well and compromise, leading to a healthy personality, but if the conflict is not resolved, intrapsychic conflicts can arise and lead to mental disorders. b. exposure therapy. 2.2.2.2. What is learning and what forms does it take? We describe these as primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers. Im here for you. A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. 53. c. manifest content. What is this therapy? The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. 35. 137. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. Possible side effects include loss of appetite, headache, motor or verbal tics, and personality changes such as appearing emotionless. This is an example of: a. shaping. Once the electrical impulse reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, it stimulates synaptic vesicles or neurotransmitter sacs to release the neurotransmitter.
1st Battalion 2nd Field Artillery Baumholder, Germany,
Articles W
carl ann head drury depuis votre site.
